captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, saving the summit: secretary of state mike pompeo and north korea's delegates meet to work on plans for the two leaders' meeting. then, i sit down with outgoing immigration enforcement director thomas homan to discuss the trump administration's crackdown and the policy separating families at the border. and, how educating women is causing a global shift-- economists look at the new wealth of nations as the gender gap narrows around the world. >> the spread of education has transformed the world and has transformed relationships, inequalities between countries and finally and most importantly between the sexes.

>> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: another big step today toward setting up a u.s./north korean summit. secretary of state mike pompeo held talks with north korean envoy kim yong chol in new york, and reported "real progress." pompeo said tomorrow, kim will deliver a letter to president trump, from north korean leader kim jong-un. we'll have a full report, after the news summary. in the day's second major story,

the trump administration formally imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum from the european union, canada and mexico. levies of 25% on steel and 10% on aluminum were first announced in march, but delayed, pending negotiations. commerce secretary wilbur ross suggested further talks might yet make a difference. >> we look forward to continued negotiations, both with canada and mexico on the one hand and with the european commission on the other hand, because there are other issues that we also need to get resolved. >> woodruff: in turn, mexico announced retaliatory tariffs on u.s. farm products. canada said it's imposing new tariffs on u.s. steel and aluminum. canadian prime minister justin trudeau, along with his foreign minister, declared washington's actions are "totally

unacceptable." >> canada buys more american steel than any other country in the world, indeed we account for half of u.s. exports, u.s. steel exports. that canada could be considered a national security threat to the united states is inconceivable. >> woodruff: the european union also condemned the u.s. tariffs and said it will respond in kind. we'll hear from the e.u. ambassador to washington, later in the program. in the day's other news, president trump pardoned conservative author and obama critic dinesh d'souza. he had made illegal campaign contributions and got five years federal probation, in 2014. mr. trump also said he might commute the sentence of rod blagojevich, former democratic governor of illinois. he's serving 14 years for corruption. and, the president talked of pardoning businesswoman martha

stewart. she served five months in prison, stemming from a sale of stock before the price plunged. president trump traveled to texas today, and met with families of those killed in the santa fe school shooting. governor greg abbott and republican senator ted cruz were on hand as air force one touched down in houston. the meeting with the families was closed. later, the president went on to a series of campaign fundraising events in houston and dallas. mr. trump claimed again today that ousting f.b.i. director james comey had nothing to do with the russia investigation. he tweeted: "not that it matters but i never fired james comey because of russia!" in fact, he's previously said the opposite, at least twice. the first time came within days of comey's dismissal in may of last year. >> i was going to fire comey knowing, there was no good time to do it. and in fact when i decided to

just do it, i said to myself, i said you know, this russia thing with trump and russia is a made up story, it's an excuse by the democrats for having lost an election that they should have won. >> woodruff: special counsel robert mueller is now investigating the comey firing for possible obstruction of justice. comedian samantha bee apologized today for calling the president's daughter, ivanka, a sexual obscenity. it happened last night on "full frontal", bee's show on tbs. the white house condemned the comment as "vile and vicious." in a twitter statement later, bee said her language was "inexcusable," and she wrote: "i crossed a line, and i deeply regret it." earlier this week, abc fired roseanne barr over a racist tweet about a former obama adviser. in syria, president bashar al- assad threatened to attack kurdish fighters in the northeast. and, he warned 2,000 u.s. troops aiding the kurds against isis to

go home. assad also wants to recapture territory in southwest syria, near the israeli border, with the aid of iran and allied groups. in moscow today, the israeli defense minister, avigdor lieberman, warned russian leaders that israel will not accept iranian forces near its frontier. the supreme court of china today overturned the fraud conviction of a retail tycoon. zhang wenzhong was released in february after 12 years in prison. the court called his case "a misapplication of the law." the decision came as the ruling communist party tries to reassure nervous business leaders. back in this country, sears is closing another 72 stores to stem financial losses. that will leave the company with 800 outlets, down from a peak of 4,000 back in 2012. and, on wall street, stocks fell today on worries about the budding tariff war. the dow jones industrial average lost 252 points to close at

24,415. the nasdaq fell 20 points, and the s&p 500 gave up 18. still to come on the newshour: the e.u. ambassador responds to new taxes on europe's exports to the u.s. amid an immigration crackdown, we speak to the outgoing director of immigration and customs enforcement. the economic consequences of educating women, and much more. >> woodruff: the united states and north korea continued to meet at high levels today, trying to bridge their differences and pave the way for a summit between president trump and north korean leader kim jung un. foreign affairs correspondent nick schifrin has the story. >> schifrin: in a manhattan high-rise, the u.s.' top diplomat and north korea's top envoy began the day with a historic handshake. >> would anyone from north korea

like to say anything about today's meeting? >> schifrin: secretary of state mike pompeo and north korean senior aide kim yong-chol took no questions before two and a half hours of meetings, two hours shorter than expected. pompeo said their teams made quick headway setting the right conditions for a summit. >> the conditions are putting president trump and chairman kim jong-un a place where we think there could be real progress made by the two of them meeting. it does no good if we're in a place where we don't think there's real opportunity to place them together. we've made real progress toward that in the last 72 hours. >> schifrin: the main condition: trying to convince north korea to reverse decades of policy, of considering nuclear weapons the best way to keep the country safe. >> i believe they are contemplating a path forward, where they could make a strategic shift, one that their country has not been prepared to make before. >> schifrin: pompeo and kim started their talks last night with a working dinner of filet mignon and sunset toasts. kim yong-chol is considered chairman kim jong un's right hand man. he was also the country's notorious spy chief, blamed for

a 2010 attack that killed 46 south korean sailors, and the 2014 cyberattack on sony pictures. he's on a u.s. sanctions list, and needed special permission to visit the u.s. today pompeo said their talks were positive, but sometimes difficult. >> i've had some difficult conversations with them as well, they've given it right back to me too. there are decades into this challenge. one ought not to be surprised, or frightened, or deterred by moments where it looks like there are challenges. >> schifrin: beyond new york, two other u.s. teams are trying to resurrect the summit. in the demilitarized zone, veteran u.s. diplomat sung kim is leading a team meeting north korean officials. and in singapore, a team led by white house deputy chief of staff joe hagin is working on logistics, making sure they're ready if the summit is back on track for june 12. and tomorrow, president trump >> woodruff: north korea state tv announced kim jong un will meet with russia's

president putin but no date is set. nick schifrin joins us along with yamiche alcindor. we heard secretary pompeo said there's been progress. do we know what kind? >> we dont's know for sure but a senior state department official says the u.s. needs to understand what north korea is willing to do or pledge at this summit and that needs to be something north korea has never done before and that means a step toward denuclearization. what does that mean? could be shutting down a nuclear facility, they have done that before. number two, bringing in inspectors to shut down centrifuges, we've never seen that before. three, what the u.s. is hoping, shipping out some kind of nuclear material, we certainly have never seen that before. that's what u.s. is asking for. intelligence analysts said north korea's priority is regime survival and thought nuclear weapons gave them that survival. so the u.s. has to replace the weapons with a fundamentally different political relationship, that means ending the korean war, a peace treaty,

a shift in tone, we have no hostile intent toward you, perhaps even normalization. it means mutual respect. one analyst says take north korea off the terrorist sponsor list. it also means perhaps some lifting of sanctions. but, judy, we have to remember, the two sides can't or haven't been agreeing on the very definition of denuclearization or peace, so there's still a lot of gaps. >> woodruff: so talking, talkinbustill funmental disagreements. >> yeah, especially on denuclearization. the u.s. has long said we want instant immediate denuclearization. north korea says, well, we'll do it in steps, and for every step we do, you have to take another step. but we saw a hint today that maybe the gap could be bridged and that's when president trump was talking this morning, he said, well, maybe we don't have to only have one summity kim jong un, maybe two or three summits, and that is evidence the administration is considering maybe this doesn't have to happen all at once and that they're lowering some expectations for the summit. that is hugely significant

because that does mean this gap might be bridged. the question now, of course, is whether you can get to the point where the two sides are happy enough to proceed with the summit. >> woodruff: really interesting because originally they were suggesting it had to be all at once or very -- happening at the same time. so, yamiche, why did the president, with the conversations going on now, why did the president cancel the summit a few days ago and then now everybody is proceeding as if nothing has changed? >> well, that's one of the key questions i have been asking people in the white house. the number one answer i have been getting is that this is the president that wrote the "art of the deal," this is someone who understands negotiations, and his tactics is he has to be on the offense. in this case, though the u.s. was getting very frustrated with the fact the north koreans weren't responding, he decided to write the letter saying we don't need this and we have our hostages back, we're the ones with the big nuclear weapons, so when you come to the table,

maybe we'll see but we don't need you. as a result, you saw this letter. now the white house will stop short offsaying this actually will happen. i've asked the question so many times of people saying we're on for june 12? they won't say yes, but the president is saying now that i'm in control i feel better about going forward. >> woodruff: there is a sense of eagerness about having this happen? >> yes. >> woodruff: totally different story. the surprise announcement today, the president is pardoning the conservative writer dinesh desuza, and the white house has let it be known the president is considering commuting the sentence for rob gavoich who is serving a sentence and pardoning martha stewart. what's behind that? >> he thinks the people were treated unfairly. he has political and celebrity

ties. not surprising apt who got his start on "the apprentice" that he has celebrity connections. ted cruz was pushing for desuza to get pardoned, but blagoyavich, some people think it's because he was on "the apprentice." part of my research was watching a video of martha stewart showing president trump and melania how to make a meatloaf. and she got an invitation but could gotten because she was in prison. then the prosecutors involved, people who was a united states attorney in new york who president trump fired, he was the one who actually prosecuted dezoosa, and he tweeted karma is coming back to him because he thought this prosecutor was trying to make his career on this case. james comey prosecuted martha

stewart. patrick fitzgerald was a good friend of james comey who prosecuted rhod rod dagovich. they're saying the president is out of line doing the pardons. rob's why have who has been pressing to have her husband released by the president, so he's really encouraged by the president's words. >> woodruff: makes everyone wonder whether signals were being sent in all this. >> mm-hmm. >> woodruff: a lot going on today. thank you both. >> woodruff: we return to the brewing trade war between the u.s. and some of our closest allies. john yang has that. >> yang: judy, u.s./european relations took another hit today when commerce secretary wilbur

ross said the administration would impose tariffs on european steel and aluminum. this comes after president trump withdrew from the deal to contain iran's nuclear program, a deal the e.u. helped negotiate and remains committed to. to talk about this, we're joined by david o'sullivan, the european union's ambassador to the united states. mr. ambassador, thanks for joining us. >> thank you. e president of the european commission said today what the united states actions he called them pure protections, pure and simple, he said the e.u. would respond with tariffs of their on on u.s. goods. are we in a trade war? >> i don't think we're in what you could call a full-blown trade war because the volume of trade involved in this dispute compared to the global volume between the european union and the united states is still relatively small, but an important divergence of view. we believe the tariffs are unjustified and illegal under

wgo rules and we believe it's important to push back and use our entitlement to protect or interests and impose tariffs on a u.s. exports so we're in a serious conflict. >> in the bigger picture, you say it's not a big deal, but what's going to be the impact of this in the united states and europe? >> the immediate impact will be to make european steel and aluminum exports to america more expensive which will hit your companies who import these products and use them as part of the production process. most of the steel and aluminum exports are high value, specialized exorts ot nt produced in the united states, so this will cause problems for american industry and down the line for american consumers. it's going to hit the profitability of european exporters, so we believe this is a lose-lose outcome. we wished not to be in this

place. we proposed to the administration to have a much more positive agenda of how we grow trade between us including addressing concerns that the administration may have as we have sometimes concerns about our exports to the united states, and we think that would have been a much better place to be in than where we are tonight we swy forced into this imposition of tariffs followed by rebalancing on the european union side. >> what's this doing to the overall relationship between the united states and the european union? >> it's not a positive, let's be frank. on the other hand, the relationship is broad and deep and strong. we're allies and friends still. we've had trade disputes in the past and have survived them, so we hope we will come through this and find a way through at some point, but it's not a good moment in transatlantic relations, unfortunately. >> another point of friction, the iran nuclear deal. is the e.u. going to be able to take some actions to protect european corporations who still want to invest in iron to protect them from u.s.

sanctions? >> i think it's very important to understand that for the european union, this is an issue of regional and global security. we believe preventing iran from obtaining or developing nuclear weapons is critical to the stability to have the region which is our region and will impact hovelly on us, and the nuclear deal does exactly that, and that's why we wish to preserve it and we wish to keep iran in that deal subject to the verifications and inspections which enable us to be sure that iran is not doing anything to develop nuclear weapons. the quid pro quo of that was, of course, iran would see sanctions lifted and would see increased economic and commercial opportunities to grow their economy, and that was the motivation. so in order to keep this deal alive and to keep iran's feet to the fire on its side of the bargain, we have to deliver economic benefits, and that's what we're looking at, how to do that in a situation where the united states has withdrawn and where the united states put back sanctions which had previously

been lifted. so we're exploring amongst ourselves, with other allies and with the iranians how to preserve economic and commercial interests and benefits for iran out of this deal. >> even before the united states withdraw from this deal, iran was complaining they weren't seeing enough of the economic benefits. are you -- is europe going to be able to provide enough incentive for iran to stay in the deal? >> it's a very good question. time alone will tell because this, of course, isn't just decided what governments do, it's decide bid businesses, there are commercial decisions. i think it's clear many big companies who have heavy investment and involvement in the united states probably will choose the american market over the more limited iranian market, but there are much smaller, medium-sized companies that don't have the same intersection with with the u.s. market that could be interested, and the chinese and russians are more

likely to benefit because they have no hesitation stepping in where american and european firms no longer wish to invest. so this is a bit of a windfall profit for the russians and the chinese as is indeed the tariff dispute. >> danielldavid o'sullivan, e.u. ambassador to the united states. thank you so much for being with us. >> thank you. >> woodruff: we turn now to u.s. immigration policy, and the agency tasked with enforcing this country's laws-- immigration and customs enforcement, or "ice." acting ice director thomas homan has served under six u.s. presidents. his 30-plus years in immigration enforcement will come to an end when he retires next month. welcome to the "newshour". >> thank you. thanks for having me. >> reporter: your first job

was a border agent. you're familiar with this subject personally. i want to start with the mission with i.c.e. a and ask whether, under president trump, it's fair to say it's no longer only going after immigrants who have committed serious crimes but going after immigrants who are here without documentation regardless of age, whether they are parents or hold down a job or what. is that accurate? >> no, that is not accurate. i looked at the numbers just today. nine out of ten immigrants we arrested we got throug the criminal justice system. >> woodruff: how many are violent crimes? >> i don't remember. but we have to remember i enforce immigration law. there is no prerequisite an illegal alien has to commit a violation on top of entering the country which is the crime. >> woodruff: in lo angeles last year, a man whose job was making tacos, he was arrested, taking his two call your attentiodaughters toschool. the 14-year-old daughter

recorded this video on their cell phone. ( crying ) >> don't cry, honey, don't cry. you have to be strong. >> woodruff: so this was recorded, as we said, when her father was picked up. i think the question that a number of people have is how does it make the country safer to have -- this is a man who was in the country without documents, that's true, had a d.u.i. record from ten years previously, but does it make the country safer to pick up people who have children? >> absolutely. i mean, bad people have children. d.u.i. people might not through is a serious crime but over 10,000 people a year die from d.u.i. i have been doing this 33 years. i see a lot of things that are sad.

i've said many times i feel bad for the plight of some of these folks but i have a job to do. it's a message we want to keep sending to the rest of the world is it's okay to enter this country and illegally and violate the laws of this country, as long as you hide out successfully ten years and have a child in this country and hide out, now you're immune from the laws of this country, if that's the message we want to send, we're never going to fix the illegal immigration crisis. >> woodruff: all of this is adding up, the message coming out from the country and the president himself has created a charged atmosphere in immigrant communities around this country, even at places that were considered safe like courthouses where immigrants go to check in regularly. just last month in tennessee, there was a meat packing plant, almost 100 employees were rounded up the next day, for example, at school, hundreds of school children didn't go to class because of what had happened. is this the climate, a climate

of fear that i.c.e. seeks to perpetrate around the country? >> rook, we're a sovereign country, we have a right to protect our borders and enforce the law. why is it bad for fearld law enforcement officer to arrest a criminal inside a criminal courthouse? they're behind the wire which means they don't have weapons, much safer for the officers and that person if we arrest them in a criminal courthouse. i have been in courthouses where i watched a judge arrest a father arrested because he didn't pay child support, that's okay, but a federal law enforcement officer who is sworn to enforce immigration law can't arrest a criminal inside a courthouse? that's where we should arrest them. we arrest them in a non-public area and work with the court personnel. as far as work site, illegal employment is a magnet to illegal immigration. as long as folks can come into

this country and get a job illegally, they have to keep coming. we have to remove that magnet. there are laws on that, too. this is a constant question i get, people who employ illegal aliens are not doing it out of the goodness of their heart. they pay them less wages, many times take advantage of them, work them hard for little money, it's an unfair advantage to competitors. many of the workers steal social security numbers of u.s. citizens. there is tax fraud, people losing their identity. >> woodruff: and in the case of the meat packing plant, my understanding is the owners were not charged. >> that's a criminal investigation. i can't comment on that, but i can tell you that that investigation involved more than just illegal alien hiring. >> woodruff: another set of statistics that we've looked at, studies looked at large cities with higher immigrant polations and found the crime rate in these places remain stable or even fell. there are separate studies showing communities with more undocumented, with a growing

number of undocumented immigrants equates often with a decrease in violent crime. do you see those studies, those statistics as well? >> no, i don't. they obviously aren't immigration crime. entering this country is a crime. if you are in this country illegall you committed a crime, a federal crime. i get asked all the time, do illegal aliens commit more crimes than u.s. citizens in that's not the question. the question is every crime committed by an illegal alien is a preventible crime that shouldn't have happened because they shouldn't have been here. we can fix a lot of criminal crime if we fix the immigration system. the system needs to be fixed but we can't justi ignore it. for congress to say under the last president, well, ignore this piece of law and that piece of the law and don't prioritize this, that's not the way a law enforcement agency should operate.

if the law doesn't work, fix the law. don't ask law enforcement to ignore it. >> woodruff: this is not directly under your direction director homan, but it is part of ow the trump administration is trying to enforce the law, it is now separating children from their parents by the hundreds, more than 700 since last october. we're told more than # 100 children under age four. even conservatives, congressman mark meadows, saying families should be kept together. american association of pediatrics is saying it hurts these vulnerable children to take them away. how do you explain that policy? >> the message has been mud idea. apparently the people don't understand exactly what's happening. if people want to file for asylum because of fire in their country, they have to present themselves at port of entry, present yourself, make your claim, you're still going to get the same judicial process, but do it through the legal b

channels. don't enter between the port of entries. if they are escaping fear and persecution, why not come to a port of entry, say i want to file for asylum, you get to file for asylum, you're not taking your child across the river or through a canyon where the child can be hurt, do it the safe way see, that message doesn't get out. this is about saving lives and protecting these immigrants, too. >> woodruff: american academy of pediatrics, 66,000 pediatricians, we urge policymakers to be mindful these vulnerable scared children, to separate them from their family is harsh and counterproductive. >> children get separated from their families every day in this country when the parents are arrested for crimes. the child can't go to county lockup with the father, a child can't go to custody when the parents are entering illegally.

you have a right to claim asylum, go to a port of entry and protect yourself. you get the same protections but you're not violating the law. >> woodruff: there's been a lot of reporting about certessen nielsen about whether she is leaving. >> no, she is the stepping up to the plate, she has a tough job. immigration enforcement is a very controversial issue. she's a good secretary, she's doing a good job and i support her 100%. >> woodruff: tom homan, director of the immigration and customs enforcement, thank you very much. >> thank you, ma'am. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: for the fourth-straight year, the cavs and the warriors

prepare to face off in the n.b.a. championship. the author of this month's book club pick answers your questions. and a poet's brief but spectacular take on letting go. the tariffs announced today play into a much larger economic narrative from the president and others about america's competitiveness in the world, and where the u.s. has fallen behind. part of that bigger picture is what's happening as developing nations improve their economic conditions. that's the focus of tonight's "making sense" story with paul solman as our guide. >> reporter: so your book is about the value of education and particularly the education of women. >> and that's the new wealth of nations. >> reporter: and you're his wife and an academic. >> who came up with the title of the book! >> reporter: indian economist surjit bhalla and his wife, sociologist ravinder kaur, in the u.s. recently to spread the message of "the new wealth of nations."

>> the key thesis of the book is that education and the spread of education has transformed the world and has transformed relationships, inequalities between countries and finally and most importantly between the sexes. >> reporter: and the cost, what's the cost? >> the cost is that people in the west are going to lose out relative to the people in the east, the east meaning the rest of the world the west meaning the advanced countries. what happens when the world is filled with everybody graduating from high school. then the western people will lose their advantage over the rest of the world. >> reporter: so that's why the person with a high school diploma in the united states has seen her or his, usually his, earnings-- >> decline. yes in real terms. by something like 10% or 15% over the last 25 years.

the real wage of those who went to college but did not graduate has stayed the same. and the real wage of college graduates, the crème de la crème, has risen by only zero point five percent per annum. >> reporter: but it's not like crème de la creme anymore because you can go beyond college. >> well no, this includes beyond graduate. whether it's doctors or it's lawyers, everything is transferable now. even surgery can be done transatlantic by the use of technology. where is the real advantage left for an american or a british or german or western professional? >> reporter: isn't that why there's a reaction against immigration? >> yeah. you know there's always a scapegoat when things are not going well for you. and it always tends to be somebody we think of as the other. you know it could be a person of a different color. it could be a person of different religious persuasion.

>> different sex. >> of different sex or whatever. so maybe men are resentful of women. >> previously, there were always the bottom 20% who lost out, but they could come home and feel superior to or dominate their wives. now they come home and the women are the major breadwinners, or are more educated than them, or more able than them. >> reporter: or at least are competing with them. >> or competing. from where they were here, now they're equals. that can mess up the psychology of men. >> i think it is a threatened masculinities issue, why do you see more, you know, such crime in places where the gender gap is closing. >> reporter: according to the world health organization, for example, violence against women surged in both nicaragua and uganda following public information campaigns promoting

women's rights. and then there's the so-called nordic paradox: though iceland, norway, finland and sweden take the top spots in the world economic forum's global index of gender equality, the u.s. ranks 49th, they are also among the worst in europe for domestic violence and sexual assault. >> so for quite some time, my argument has been that if you see more violence and if you see more gender crime, it's a backlash. how dare this woman be in the public space and you know how dare she be-- >> be equal. >> aspire to the same things. >> reporter: and compete with me. >> and compete with me. and the women are competing because if you look at high school results, if you look at college graduation results, the girls are performing way better. >> so while we had the protests against globalization earlier, was against men and women in general from the emerging world,

who were threatening the jobs and the livelihoods, and the rate of growth of livelihood in the western world, i think the new element is about the emerged and emerging equality between women and men. >> reporter: and you, you see, and you see as happening both in the west and-- >> oh yes, absolutely. >> reporter: in the developing world. >> absolutely, equality is going to be threatening to a lot of men. >> reporter: and that, say bhalla and kaur, helps explain the rise of repressive regimes around the world. >> so, the taliban is a very-- and isis, is a completely male- dominated and enslavement of women even, and this one is a lot more, in my view, as anger, and resentment, against women. >> reporter: part of the reaction in the world is farmers, and they're reacting against modernity a bit, against globalization, why? >> the value of the kind of livelihood that people get from agriculture, is nowhere near what it used to be, it's not

highly profitable anymore. and the point is that this is where for the first time, women have gained from not inheriting property, because they flee to the cities, to the towns. they can leave, because they're not going to inherit the land, you know, so and it's the men who are left with the land, and in fact, they are facing in many places what people call, are calling a bride drought, there's you know they cannot find women who will marry them, because those women are departing. >> reporter: another reason for the bride drought: the high ratio of men to women in places like india after decades of selective abortion of female fetuses, as the nëwshour's fred de sam lazaro has reported, with the help of ravi kaur. >> you have 111 men to 100 women in india, and so that's-- >> that's at birth. >> at birth. >> reporter: and what's driving the demand for sons?

>> it's the son who's expected to support the parents in old age, but as more and more women get educated, they discriminate against daughters less, because now daughters are as capable as sons. of, providing you with old age care, or support. >> reporter: so you're saying as education has increased and certainly with respect to educating women-- >> male privilege and male advantage has decreased, and i absolutely think it is a better world than what we have seen. >> i agree with the fundamental proposition that you know, male privilege will decrease with female education, but it's still going to take time. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, this is economics correspondent paul solman, in new york.

>> woodruff: the n.b.a. finals get underway tonight with a familiar, and historic, rivalry. the defending champions, the golden state warriors, square off against the cleveland cavaliers for the fourth straight year. that's a record. never before in major american sports have two teams faced each other in the championship that many years in a row. while the matchup may be a repeat, amna nawaz tells us why this finals is still a contest with compelling storylines. >> nawaz: there's a reason these two teams keep battling every june. the warriors have a dynamic offense and four all-stars, most of whom are seen as future hall of famers. cleveland has lebron james, who is arguably the best basketball player in the world. and this is the eighth straight trip to the finals for the 33- year-old superstar. so before the games get underway, let's hear some appreciation about this unique moment in time. kevin blackistone is a sports

columnist with the "washington post" and frequent panelist with espn. kevin, thanks for making the time. let's talk about this, then. obviously, there are the individual stars, i want to talk about them in a second, but just talk to me about this matchup for a second. this rivalry, is this going to go down as one of the all-time greats? >> you know, i think it will. four years in a row, that rarely happens anymore, and the fact that it's such a constellation of stars with lebron james and steph curry and kevin duran and all the leaguall the m.v.p.s th, that's what makes it great and will go down as one of the great rivalries in the finals. >> tell me how we got here. lebron, the cavaliers, they should not be here in the first place, those teams went through a rough season to get here. talk to me about how the cavs

managed to get here. >> sure, the cavs got here by the fact that they were riding lebron james' superman cape. that's all you can say. he has been spectacular this post-season. this is a team which this year went through all sorts of changes. last year in the off season, they lost the second best pla player, kyle irving, who no longer wanted to play next to lebron james. he got traded to boston. boston trade add little point guard named isiah thomas to cleveland. he was hurt. he only played a couple of months, he wasn't very good. finally, cleveland got rid of him for spare parts from the lakers. kevin love, who is the other really good player supposedly on the cavalier's team, has been up and down all year, and was hurt the last few games with a concussion. so it really all rested with lebron james' shoulders in the

playoffs, and all he did was lead his team to a sweep of the toronto raptors, who were the best team in the east this year, and then he beat boston in boston in game seven with a spectacular individual performance in which he played every minute of the game, which kind of encapsulated his season in which he played every game this season, did not miss one to injure, illness, anything, didn't even get a rest, and yet he has carried this team to the n.b.a. finals yet again. it's remarkable. >> kevin, we're on the front end of those finals, though. lebron may be a superhere o but can he continue to do that? you're talking about a 33-year-old guy, his 15th year in the league and tonight when he suits up, it's going to be the 101st time of the season he does that. can he continue to do that through the finals? >> i have learned never to doubt lebron james. two years ago, when it was the second time these two teams met in the finals, the warriors

jumped to a three-games-to-one lead in this best-of-seven series, and guess what happened? somehow, some way lebron james willed, dragged his team to game seven and won that game seven for a championship with cleveland. anything is possible. i don't think it's going to be a runaway like last year when golden state plowed through the playoffs out west and beat the cavaliers four games to one. they have struggled this year because of injuries, they struggled against the houston rockets to get to the finals. they were benefited by an injury to chris paul, and with houston, and they were able to soldier through, but, once again, i can never ever pick against lebron james. they just got word this afternoon that kevin love who suffered a concussion and couldn't play the last couple of games will be available tonight,

he's passed the n.b.a. concussion protocol. >> anything can happen. the game to watch tonight. >> absolutely. kevin blackistone, thanks for your time. >> thank you. >> woodruff: and now our monthly segment, "now read this." that's our special book club in partnership with the "new york times" many of you have joined. jeffrey brown talks with this month's author and announces our pick for june. >> brown: a 17-year-old steps into a classroom not unusual unless it's her first time receiving any kind of formal education in the memoir. in "educated," tara westover tells of growing up in a survivalist family in the mountains of idaho and eventually leaving to enter the world on her own. ultimately receiving a ph.d. in history from cambridge university in the u.k. tara westover joins me now to answer questions from readers. first congratulations on his book. thank you for joining us for the book club. >> thanks for having me. >> brown: let's go right to the

readers questions. there were a lot of them will start with one right now. >> my name is wynn wagenseil. i'm from ocean isle beach, north carolina. my question is how did your world view change so much from your parents? >> brown: okay, so fill in the picture for those who are not familiar with the book but your worldview certainly changed over time. yeah. >> so i was born and raised the youngest of seven children on this really beautiful mountain in southern idaho. but my dad had some radical beliefs and because of those beliefs we were isolated. so i was never allowed to go to school or to the doctor. i didn't even have a birth certificate until i was nine years old which meant that according to the state of idaho and the federal government i just didn't exist. so when i was 16 i decided to try to educate myself and i bought a algebra book and just taught myself not algebra to kind of sort of pass that act and i went to university. and what i didn't know at that time was i was starting out on this path this path of education that would require a lot of my

ideas to change that would require my worldview to change. and that path of education would take me to these great places harvard cambridge. but it would also take me away from my family. family and what the obligations are where they are and where >> brown: well in fact the answer to that woman's question is the book itself. as a child, since i didn't go to school, i didn't have access to different points of histories. i never heard of the holocaust or the civil rights movement and i thought europe was a country, not a continent. there are so many things i didn't know. and then when you get access to different perspectives you get that skill that i think is the most important which is to be around people who think one thing and for you to think something else and that's something i never had before. >> brown: okay, let's go to the next question. i think we have to paired together here about what you learned on high and leave him.

>> i'm from sunnyvale california. my question for tara is whether she has found herself acting like her mother in exactly the way she despised about him. or if there are any life philosophy she has learned from him that she's still treasures and lives today. >> i'm luke bailey from boulder creek california. what values or traits if any do you feel grateful for that you learned on bucks peak? >> i think that outside of you know my parents had this philosophy about learning this kind of idea of education that was very much about individual responsibility and i think that in some ways they took it a bit far. but i am grateful for my dad would always say that you can teach yourself anything better than someone else can teach it to you. and i think you can take that as being disparaging of teachers. i don't think you have to. i think that the bigger point is you could have a nobel laureate in literature trying to teach you how to write but if you didn't want to learn i don't think you would learn as much as if you wanted to learn and just had a novel that was good that you wanted to learn from. so i think i think sometimes our

ideas about education have become very institutionalized and maybe a bit passive. we started to forget that an education isn't the same thing as a school and i really do believe that there's really nothing that can make up for the absence of individual by end of really wanting to learn something and that's something i'm grateful to my parents for. >> brown: there is in a lot of people who are interested in you know one of the themes of the book is how off the grid you were that you were there was kind of keeping away from government right. so there is violence but nobody gets to take him to the hospital these are real issues of how you interacted or did not interact. so we have a couple we have a question now that goes to goes to that i think. >> hi my name's molly hammond and i live in london, england. i have two questions for tara. the book cites many incidents of child abuse and i wonder if she thinks that the state should have intervened in her case. also does she think that the state needs to be more involved with checking the quality and

the veracity of home schooling. >> that's su a difficult question. withy own family wwe pretty isolated as i said. so it's hard for me to see how people would have even really known what was going on. and you know with my family i did confront my parents about the violence with my brother. and they chose not to believe me. they chose to say i was lying. and if it's hard to say how the state can get involved when parents themselves are kind of a part of keeping it quiet. i feel like probably with a lot of as with a lot of things it's good to look inward and think about the people that we know that we are inadvertently maybe hurting by being silent. >> brown: let me introduce our book club pick for june. it's titled "less" by andrew sean greer. it won the pulitzer prize this year for fiction. it's a comic novel about a failed writer who travels the world to avoid a wedding. please do continue to read along with us, now read this in

partnership with the "new york times." and tara west, author of "educated." thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: as jeff said, you can join the conversation on our "now read this" facebook page. there you can also hear about the influence music had on tara westover and watch her sing a mormon hymn. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> woodruff: finally, we turn to another installment of our weekly brief but spectacular series, where we ask people about their passions. witney greenaway is a new york city based poet, and one of many artists featured in a newly released anthology series titled: "the breakbeat poets volume 2: black girl magic." this poem is titled, "the purging."

>> there is the man i love, and there is the man who loves me, and there is the man i love because he loves me. there is the man i took the morning after pill for, and there is the man whose baby i kept, and there is the man whose baby i let go. there is the man born on the cusp of summer, and there is the man whose heart was made for a fall or six. there is the man who holds my hand on the train, and there is the man who won't even sit next to me there. there is the man i wish was my father, and there is the man who talks to me like he is, and there is the man, who when i was 16, invited me into his and my mother's bedroom, and there is the man who taught me to forgive it. there is the man who forgot my name, and there is the man who doesn't know i have one. there is the man who takes my picture, and there is the man, who when i take a pretty picture says nothing, and there is the man who says i only take pretty

pictures, and there is the man who doesn't believe that. there is the man who has a wife, and there is the man who had a wife, and there is the man who is getting married, and there is the man who says bride is such a delicate word and i am anything but delicate, and there is the man who says he is okay with being my husband which is not the same as saying that he wants to be. there is the man who tells me the way i need is unhealthy, without addressing that the way he takes is also to my detriment. there is the man who has never taken me out, and there is the man who is always filling me in. there is the man who asks me to keep his secrets, and there is the man who has made me a public secret and what is more skillful than that? there is the man who says he loves my size, and there is the man who doesn't mention it and i find it hard to trust him because how dare he treat me like how much space i take up in the bed has nothing to do with

our relationship? there is the man i feed sancoche, and there is the man i feed green smoothies, and there is the man i feed lies. there is the man who goes to church, and there is the man who doesn't believe in god, and there is the man who believes in me. there is the man whose mother still asks for me, and there is the man whose father is dead, and there is the man who tells me that family is a foreign country and who wants to stand in line for a visa you may not get approved for anyway? there is the man who says he will never forget me, as if that is some kind of prize: to be chosen only to exist in memory. there is the man who says he will always love me, and it is only a temporary comfort, there is the man who says he will never leave, and there is no man who has kept his promise. my name is whitney greenaway and this is my brief but spectacular take on letting go. >> woodruff: you can find

additional brief but spectacular series on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> knowledge, it's where innovation begins. it's what leads us to discovery and motivates us to succeed. it's why we ask the tough questions and what leads us to the answers. at leidos, we're standing behind those rking to impve the world's health, safety, and efficiency. leidos. >> kevin. >> kevin!

>> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

tukufu:: this week on history detectives: man over radio: roger, we're underway. how did is sliver of material give the united states a much needed boost during the space race? elyse: what did this odd-looking boot have to do with america's first steps in space? gwendolyn: and, in our final story, was work by major artists, including andy warhol, smuggled to the moon? "a.o.k., all systems are go." elvis costello: ♪ watchin' the detectives ♪ i get so angry when the teardrops start ♪ ♪ but he can't be wounded 'cause he's got no heart ♪ ♪ watchin' the detectives ♪ it's just like watchin' the detectives ♪